The understanding and management of ED have significantly improved with the development of several pharmaceutical options. This article provides a comprehensive guide to medications used to treat ED.
1. Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors
These are the most commonly prescribed medications for ED and include Sildenafil (Viagra), Tadalafil (Cialis), Vardenafil (Levitra), and Avanafil (Stendra). They work by inhibiting the enzyme PDE5, allowing more blood to flow into the penis during sexual stimulation.
Sildenafil (Viagra)
- Onset: 30-60 minutes
- Duration: 4-5 hours
- Interactions: Nitrates, certain antifungals, and some antivirals
Tadalafil (Cialis)
- Onset: 30-45 minutes
- Duration: Up to 36 hours
- Special Feature: Available in a daily low-dose form
Other PDE5 Inhibitors
- Vardenafil and Avanafil have similar properties to Sildenafil and Tadalafil but differ in their onset and duration.
2. Alprostadil
Alprostadil can be administered through injection or as a urethral suppository. It works by widening the blood vessels in the penis, facilitating erections.
- Onset: 5-20 minutes
- Duration: Around an hour
- Note: Requires proper training to administer
3. Testosterone Replacement Therapy
In cases where ED is linked to low testosterone levels, testosterone replacement therapy might be suitable. It requires careful monitoring to avoid potential side effects like blood clotting and prostate growth.
4. Future Therapies
Ongoing research focuses on newer forms of treatment, such as gene therapy and stem cell therapy. Though these are not yet available for clinical use, they represent promising directions for the future management of ED.